Psychological therapies improve life for children with post-traumatic ...

Dec. 11, 2012 ? Children suffering post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of traumatic events, including child abuse, may benefit from psychological therapies, according to a review published in The Cochrane Library. In the first systematic review of PTSD in young people, researchers found that children and teenagers diagnosed with PTSD showed signs of improvement up to three months following treatment and called for more studies to assess long-term benefits.

People who develop PTSD have usually experienced extreme traumatic events, such as abuse, war or natural disasters. In children, PTSD can lead to delayed development and behavioural problems. More generally, it is associated with anxiety, depression and suicidal tendencies. As yet, there is no compelling evidence that prescribing drugs for PTSD works in children. A number of psychological therapies are available, including supportive counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which challenges negative thinking. However, no systematic review analysing the potential benefits of these therapies has been undertaken until now.

The review focused on 14 studies that together involved 758 children aged 3-18 suffering from PTSD due to sexual abuse, violence, road accidents or natural disasters. Most studies reported on the effects of weekly therapy sessions no longer than a month after treatment. Children who were given psychological therapies showed significant improvements, and anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms were reduced.

?There is fair evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, in treating post-traumatic stress disorder in children,? said lead researcher Donna Gillies of the Western Sydney Local Health District in Westmead, Australia. ?However, more effort needs to be devoted to increasing follow-up in children so we can understand whether these therapies are making a difference in the long-term.?

Overall, no one type of treatment was more effective than any other, but the positive effects of CBT were backed up by better evidence. The researchers suggest that further studies address the effects of different psychological therapies, as well as any differences or additive effects of drug treatment compared to psychological therapies.

?More trials comparing the various psychological therapies are required to find out whether specific psychological therapies are more effective for the treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents,? said Gillies.

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Journal Reference:

1. Donna Gillies, Fiona Taylor, Carl Gray, Louise O?Brien, Natalie D?Abrew. Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. The Cochrane Library, 2012 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/mind_brain/child_development/~3/kxAXgkzudDc/121211193301.htm

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Source: http://differenttypesofdogs.falyorumlari.com/2109/psychological-therapies-improve-life-for-children-with-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-study-suggests/

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Walmart in talks to buy stake in Turkish retailer: FT

DEAR ABBY: I have been married for 14 years to a man who had two failed marriages. I never felt insecure in my married life until I read his answers to a Yahoo Answers poll that asked, "Do you dream about the one that got away?" and, "Have you found the love of your life?"My husband responded that he thinks about her very often, especially on her birthday and Valentine's Day. To the other question he replied he had found the love of his life, but the relationship had ended in divorce, which he admitted was his fault.I know he was talking about his first wife. I feel so sad and insecure. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/walmart-talks-buy-stake-turkish-retailer-ft-012239667--sector.html

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Next Event :: Buffalo Business Networking

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Commander: WikiLeaks suspect's treatment closely watched by US supervisors

FORT MEADE, Md. - The former boss of a U.S. Marine Corps brig testified Monday that she was "shocked" when the base commander asked for advance notice of any planned orders regarding the confinement of Bradley Manning, the Army soldier charged with giving classified information to the anti-secrecy website WikiLeaks.

Denise Barnes was the brig commander during the last three months of Manning's confinement there. He was held in maximum custody during his nine months there, with additional restrictions said to be aimed at preventing suicide or self-injury. He was confined to his cell at least 23 hours a day and spent some of the time naked.

Manning contends the conditions were so harsh that all charges against him should be dropped. The government must prove that brig officials justifiably believed the conditions were needed to keep Manning from hurting himself.

The pretrial hearing is to determine if the conditions amounted to illegal pretrial punishment.

The 24-year-old Manning is accused of leaking hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs and more than 250,000 diplomatic cables while working as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad in 2009 and 2010. He is charged with 22 offences, including aiding the enemy, which carries a maximum penalty of life in prison.

The hearing is scheduled to end Wednesday.

Brig commanders have sole authority to determine the custody status of detainees, Barnes said. But she testified that Col. Daniel Choike, then garrison commander at the Quantico brig, asked for advance notice after Barnes ordered in early March 2011 that Manning be stripped of his underwear each night as a suicide-prevention measure.

Manning stood naked at attention the next morning, resulting in news coverage that embarrassed the military and heightened worldwide interest in his case.

Barnes said Choike called her to say that Lt. Gen. George Flynn, then the highest-ranking officer at Quantico, wanted her to run any orders involving Manning up the chain of command before executing them.

"I was kind of shocked," Barnes said. "The base commander does not control the brig OIC." The acronym stands for "officer in charge."

Barnes said she never received any orders regarding Manning's confinement conditions. He continued to be stripped of his underwear at night until he was moved to medium-security confinement at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in April 2011.

Barnes acknowledged that nothing in the military corrections manual authorizes removing clothing from detainees who aren't on suicide watch. Manning was on less-restrictive "prevention of injury" status at the time and remained so until he left Quantico.

Defence attorney David Coombs claims the conditions of Manning's confinement at Quantico were controlled by Flynn. Choike has denied that Flynn influenced Manning's confinement.

Two members of Manning's Army chain of command testified that he told them almost weekly that he didn't understand why he was on the heightened restrictions. Capt. Joe Casamatta said he followed up on the matter and was told by brig commanders that Manning was at risk of harming himself. Manning had acknowledged having suicidal thoughts shortly after his arrest nine months earlier.

Casamatta said he became skeptical of the explanation after the underwear seizure, which was prompted by a remark Manning had made to a guard about the dangerous waistband. Casamatta said he regarded Manning as an intelligent, articulate soldier who made a tongue-in-cheek comment.

"I just believed he wouldn't have such thoughts as to actually kill himself with his underwear, sir," Casamatta said during cross-examination by Coombs.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/commander-wikileaks-suspects-treatment-closely-watched-us-supervisors-040021310.html

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New research investigates how the common 'cat parasite' gets into the brain

Saturday, December 8, 2012

A new study demonstrates for the first time how the Toxoplasma gondii parasite enters the brain to influence its host's behavior. This research was led by researchers from the Karolinska Institute and Uppsala University in Sweden publishes today in the Open Access journal PLOS Pathogens.

The Toxoplasma gondii parasite causes toxoplasmosis. The parasite is common and infects between 30 and 50 per cent of the global population. It also infects animals, especially domestic cats. Human infection is contracted by eating poorly cooked (infected) meat and handling cat feces. Toxoplasmosis first appears with mild flu-like symptoms in adults and otherwise healthy people before entering a chronic and dormant phase, which has previously been regarded as symptom-free. But when the immune system is weakened toxoplasmosis in the brain can be fatal. The fetus can be infected through the mother and because of this risk, pregnant women are recommended to avoid contact with cat litter boxes. Surprisingly, several studies in humans and mice have suggested that even in the dormant phase, the parasite can influence increasing risk taking and infected people show higher incidence of schizophrenia, anxiety and depression, which are broader public health concerns.

In their recent study Fuks et al. showed for the first time how the parasite enters the brain and increases the release of a neurotransmitter called GABA (gaba-Aminobutyric acid), that, amongst other effects, inhibits the sensation of fear and anxiety. In one laboratory experiment, human dendritic cells were infected with toxoplasma. After infection, the cells, which are a key component of the immune defense, began actively releasing GABA), In another experiment on live mice, the team was able to trace the movement of infected dendritic cells in the body after introducing the parasite into the brain, from where it spread and continued to affect the GABA system.

"For toxoplasma to make cells in the immune defense secrete GABA was as surprising as it was unexpected, and is very clever of the parasite," says Antonio Barragan, researcher at the Center for Infectious Medicine at Karolinska Institute and the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control. "It would now be worth studying the links that exist between toxoplasmosis, the GABA systems and major public health threats."

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Public Library of Science: http://www.plos.org

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125817/New_research_investigates_how_the_common__cat_parasite__gets_into_the_brain

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Lilian Garcia returns to SmackDown

For the first time since being sidelined in an automobile accident in late October, singer and ring announcer Lilian Garcia comes home to SmackDown tonight, emanating from the North Charleston Coliseum in North Charleston, S.C.

?I actually had butterflies in my stomach driving up to the arena,? Garcia told WWE.com.? ?After 11 years [in WWE], you?d think this would be old hat to me, but it all feels new again.?

Lilian?s feeling of rejuvenation follows a six-week recovery process for the SmackDown songstress. On Oct. 26 in Los Angeles, Garcia was struck by an SUV while she was working out. As a result, she received treatment for head, neck and back trauma, and is still undergoing physical therapy three times a week. Fortunately, the resilient Diva has had the full support of the WWE Universe during her recuperation. (MORE ON THE ACCIDENT)

?It?s been overwhelming in a good way, and our fans definitely helped pull me through it? said Lilian, who officially resumed her WWE announcing duties on WWE Main Event this week. ?They were the reason I worked so hard with physical therapists and chiropractors to be able to come back.?

Watch Lilian?s SmackDown return tonight by tuning in at 8/7 CT on Syfy.?

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Source: http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2012-12-07/lilian-garcia-returns-to-smackdown

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